Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale – 10

CESD-10Depression

10 items

A 10-item short form of the CES-D measuring depressive symptom frequency over the past week. Validated for community and clinical populations.

Scoring

Items 5 and 8 are reverse-scored. Sum all items (0–30). Score ≥10 indicates clinically significant depressive symptoms.

Citation

Andresen, E. M., Malmgren, J. A., Carter, W. B., & Patrick, D. L. (1994). Screening for depression in well older adults: Evaluation of a short form of the CES-D. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 10(2), 77–84.

doi:10.1016/S0749-3797(18)30622-6

License: Public domain.

Items (10)

#1likert

I was bothered by things that usually don't bother me.

03 · "Rarely or none of the time" → "All of the time"

#2likert

I had trouble keeping my mind on what I was doing.

03 · "Rarely or none of the time" → "All of the time"

#3likert

I felt depressed.

03 · "Rarely or none of the time" → "All of the time"

#4likert

I felt that everything I did was an effort.

03 · "Rarely or none of the time" → "All of the time"

#5likertR

I felt hopeful about the future.

03 · "Rarely or none of the time" → "All of the time"

#6likert

I felt fearful.

03 · "Rarely or none of the time" → "All of the time"

#7likert

My sleep was restless.

03 · "Rarely or none of the time" → "All of the time"

#8likertR

I was happy.

03 · "Rarely or none of the time" → "All of the time"

#9likert

I felt lonely.

03 · "Rarely or none of the time" → "All of the time"

#10likert

I could not get going.

03 · "Rarely or none of the time" → "All of the time"

Use this scale in your own ESM/EMA study — embed it as a survey within SMAAT.