2 items
The first two items of the PHQ-9, used as an ultra-brief depression screen. Short enough for repeated administration in EMA protocols where the full PHQ-9 would be too burdensome.
⚠ Safety note
A positive PHQ-2 screen indicates possible depression. Decide in advance how you will follow up positive screens, and make crisis resources available in the app. Note that the PHQ-2 does not include the PHQ-9 suicidality item, so a negative PHQ-2 does not rule out risk.
Scoring
Sum both items (0–6). A score of 3 or more is the standard cut-off for a positive screen and should prompt administration of the full PHQ-9.
Citation
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2003). The Patient Health Questionnaire-2: validity of a two-item depression screener. Medical Care, 41(11), 1284–1292.
doi:10.1097/01.MLR.0000093487.78664.3CLicense: Free for unrestricted use (Pfizer).
Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by little interest or pleasure in doing things?
0–3 · "Not at all" → "Nearly every day"
Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by feeling down, depressed, or hopeless?
0–3 · "Not at all" → "Nearly every day"
Use this scale in your own ESM/EMA study — embed it as a survey within SMAAT.